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Journal of Learning Disabilities
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Specific Impairment in Developmental Reading Disabilities

A Working Memory Approach

Michelle Y. Kibby

Washington State University

William Marks

University of Memphis

Sam Morgan

University of Memphis

Charles J. Long

University of Memphis (Psychology), University of Tennessee Medical Units (Neurology)

Children with developmental reading disabilities (RD) frequently display impaired working memory functioning. However, research has been divergent regarding the characteristics of the deficit. Our investigation addressed this controversy by assessing Baddeley's working memory model as a whole rather than focusing on particular aspects of it, as has been done by much of the research to date. Participants included 20 children with RD and 20 typical readers between the ages of 9 and 13. The phonological loop, visual—spatial sketchpad, and central executive were assessed according to Baddeley's model. The results demonstrated that children with RD have an impaired phonological loop but intact visual—spatial sketchpad and central executive functioning as compared to controls. In terms of the phonological loop, the deficit appears to be specific to the phonological store. Furthermore, our research supports a relationship between phonological processing and phonological loop functioning.

Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 37, No. 4, 349-363 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/00222194040370040601
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