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Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents with Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Department of the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, dstein{at}netvision.net.il, Psychiatric Division, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Ruth Pat-Horenczyk

Center for Eating Disorders and Obesity at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel

Shulamit Blank

Eating Disorders Unit at the Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Arazim Institute for Children, Rishon Le-Zion, Israel

Yaron Dagan

Institute for Fatigue and Sleep Medicine at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Yoram Barak

Psychogeriatric Department at the Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat Yam, Israel, Psychiatric Division, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Thomas P. Gumpel

Department of Special Education, The School of Education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

We evaluated 32 nonmedicated male adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood, 35 male adolescents similarly diagnosed who were receiving methylphenidate (MPH), and 77 control boys. Both ADHD groups completed self-report questionnaires assessing sleep disturbances; weekday and holiday sleep duration; and symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Parents and teachers rated the severity of the participants' ADHD. The control group completed self-report questionnaires assessing sleep disturbances. We found that nonmedicated participants and controls did not differ in the severity of sleep disturbance. In contrast, the medicated participants demonstrated a significantly greater severity of sleep disturbance compared with the nonmedicated participants and reported elevated levels of symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Specific analyses showed that depressive symptoms contributed significantly to the degree of sleep disturbance when controlling for ADHD diagnosis and MPH treatment. These findings suggest that among adolescents with ADHD symptoms, the severity of symptoms of depression may contribute to the degree of sleep disturbance in addition to the effect of their primary disorder and MPH treatment.

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