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Alcohol and Drug Use Among Young Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury

Jeffrey S. Kreutzer, PhD, is a professor at the Medical College of Virginia with appointments in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery. His current interests include traumatic brain injury, substance abuse, rehabilitation psychology, and vocational rehabilitation. Address: Jeffrey S. Kreutzer, MCV Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Box 980542, Richmond, VA 23298—0542.

Adrienne D. Witol

Adrienne D. Witol, PsyD, is a neuropsychology postdoctoral fellow and currently does research and assessment with persons with traumatic brain injury.

Jennifer Harris Marwitz

Jennifer Harris Marwitz, MA, is a research coordinator in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Virginia.

The pre- and postinjury patterns of alcohol and illicit drug use of 87 persons with traumatic brain injury ages 16 to 20 were examined. Follow-up data were collected at two time intervals averaging 8 and 28 months postinjury. A comparison with large-sample studies revealed that patients had preinjury drinking patterns similar to those in the general population. A review of data provided evidence of a decline in alcohol use at initial follow-up; however, preinjury and second follow-up alcohol use patterns were similar. Analyses suggested that drinking quantity and frequency increased over time, perhaps eventually returning to postinjury levels. A review of the literature and the findings of the present investigation indicate that men and persons with a history of preinjury heavy drinking are at greatest risk for long-term alcohol abuse postinjury. Postinjury illicit drug use rates remained relatively low, falling below 10% at both follow-up intervals. Among persons taking prescribed medications, 17% reported moderate or heavy drinking at second follow-up.

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