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Validity of the Diagnostic Category of Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity

A Review of the Literature

Benjamin B. Lahey received his PhD in psychology from the University of Tennessee in 1970. He is professor of psychiatry and psychology, and director of research in child and adolescent psychiatry, at the University of Miami School of Medicine. He has published research in the area of developmental psychopathology, particularly the attention deficit disorders. He is a member of the Committee on Disruptive Behavior Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association's Task Force for DSM-IV.

Caryn L. Carlson

Caryn L. Carlson received her PhD from the University of Georgia in 1984. She is currently an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Texas. She has published work related to the assessment and treatment of attention deficit disorders in children. Address: Benjamin B. Lahey, Department of Psychiatry (D-29), University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL 33149.

The validity of the diagnostic category of Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity (ADD/WO) has been the subject of debate since it was first introduced in DSM-III. The differentiation of two syndromes of ADD is supported by factor analytic studies that indicate two dimensions of maladjustment: (1) inattention and disorganization, and (2) motor hyperactivity and impulsive responding. Cluster analyses of these two dimensions have yielded two profiles of deviance that correspond to the DSM-III subtypes. Furthermore, clinic-referred children who meet DSM-III criteria for ADD/WO have been shown to exhibit less serious conduct problems, are less impulsive, are more likely to be characterized as sluggish and drowsy, are less rejected by peers but more socially withdrawn, and are more likely to exhibit depressed mood and symptoms of anxiety disorder than children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADD/H).

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