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Journal of Learning Disabilities
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How Many Kinds of Reading Disabilit Are There?

Albert J. Harris, PhD

Albert J. Harris is professor emeritus of The City University of New York. Address: Dr. Albert Harris, Wellington G233, West Palm Beach, FL 33409.

This paper reviews the recent research bearing on the single cause/multiple cause controversy in regard to reading disabilities. The inadequacy of the common practice of comparing a group of disabled readers with a control group is noted. A number of single-factor theories are reviewed, including those of Orton, Levinson, Delacato, Bender, Frostig, and Vellutino. Recent research pointing to multiple causation is summarized, including clinically based studies and those employing statistical techniques such as cluster analysis and Q technique. There seem to be at least three main types of reading disability and possibly several less common ones, with great individual variations in constitutional, environmental, and motivational handicaps.

Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 15, No. 8, 456-460 (1982)
DOI: 10.1177/002221948201500802
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